Storing tax records: How long is long enough?
Your file cabinet may have little room left for past tax records. Before you purge past data, Watson & McDonell PLLC offers a few guidelines to help you get organized without eliminating critical information.
Federal income tax regulations require you to keep records as long as the contents may be material to the administration of the tax law.
The retention periods shown in the federal guidelines chart on this page apply to records needed to substantiate your federal income tax return. They are based on the federal statute of limitations, which is normally three years. What does this mean? The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) can audit your tax return up to three years from the due date or the date of filing, whichever is later.
Some state statutes exceed the federal statute or have laws or regulations requiring taxpayers to maintain records beyond the state’s statute of limitations.
To determine your record-retention schedule, consider keeping indefinitely records that cannot be recreated by any other office, institution or governmental unit.
Special Rules for Computer Records
Record-retention periods are generally the same for machine-sensible records as their hard-copy counterparts. Machine-sensible records include magnetic tapes, punched cards and computer disks.
If you or your business has more than $10 million in assets, then the IRS requires your machine-sensible records to be in a retrievable format. Therefore, you must retain the following documentation for data files: • Record formats • System and program flowcharts • Label descriptions • Source program listings of programs used to create the files retained • Detailed charts of accounts • Evidence that periodic tests are performed on the retained records • Evidence that the retained records reconcile to the taxpayer’s books and the tax return
If you or your business has less than $10 million in assets, but you maintain accounting records on a computer, then the IRS requires you to conform to the above standards if your books and records are only available in machine-sensible format, machine-sensible records were used for complex computations or you are notified by the IRS your machine-sensible records must be maintained.
Federal Guidelines for Paper Records
Three Years*
Auto mileage logs (three years or life of vehicle)
Bank deposit slips
Cancelled checks
Daily sales records
Entertainment records
Expense reports
Paid vendor invoices
Written acknowledgment from charity for contributions of $250 or more
*From date of filing return or due
Six Years
Bank statements
Contracts (after expiration)
Permanent
Annual financial statements Corporate stock records
General ledger & journals
Real estate records
Tax returns
Copy C of Form W-2
LIFO inventory record
Other
Depreciation schedules (life of asset, plus three years)
Meeting minutes (life of company)
IRA contribution and distribution records (three years after final distribution)